Elevated PT/PTT

Elevated PT

• Liver disease, cirrhosis
• Drugs (ie. warfarin*)
• Defect or decrease in Factor VII
• Early vitamin K deficiency (inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, antibiotics altering gut flora)

Elevated PTT

• Defect or decrease in Factors VIII, IX, or XI
• Drugs (ie. heparin*)
  
• Lupus anticoagulant
• Hemophilias
• von Willebrand's disease

Elevated PT and PTT

• Disseminated intravascular coagulation
• Late vitamin K deficiency
• Factor II, V, X deficiency (common pathway)
• Use of direct thrombin inhibitor (eg. Argatroban, Lepirudin)